Духовно-моральне виховання у педагогічній спадщині В. О. Сухомлинського

Abstract

(uk) У статті аналізуються педагогічні ідеї В. О. Сухомлинського щодо змісту основних категорій духовно-морального виховання та шляхів їх формування у процесі гармонійного розвитку та виховання особистості дитини в контексті гуманістичної педагогіки, ґрунтуючись на пріоритеті загальнолюдських цінностей, любові до дитини, повазі до її внутрішнього, духовного світу. (ru) В статье анализируются педагогические идеи В. А. Сухомлинского по содержанию основных категорий духовно-морального воспитания и путей их формирования в процессе гармоничного развития и воспитания личности ребенка в контексте гуманистической педагогики, основываясь на приоритете общечеловеческих ценностей, любви к ребенку, уважении к ее внутреннему, духовному миру.(en) The article analyzes pedagogical ideas of V. O. Sukhomlуnskу about the content of the main categories of spiritual and moral education and the ways of their formation in the process of harmonious development and education of the child’s personality in the context of humanistic pedagogy, based on the priority of universal values, love for the child, respect for its inner, spiritual world. V. O. Sukhomlуnskу fairly argued that the main duty of teachers and educators in the context of the problem of moral education is the affirmation of the principles of universal morality among schoolchildren; raising their respect for parents, older than age, to folk traditions and customs, national and cultural values of Ukraine, its state and social system; preparing them for a conscious life in the spirit of mutual understanding, peace, consent, etc. But in today’s school there is a considerable number of children with a fairly stable negative and unhealthy inclination, which find their manifestation in various negative actions and actions, in particular in clearly deliberate violations of norms and rules of conduct, in ignoring the obligatory requirements of the teacher, etc. Leading place in the pedagogical heritage of V. O. Sukhomlуnskу has the idea of humanism, humanity and benevolence. On moral perfection the teacher spoke as a component of a fully developed personal. According to V. O. Sukhomlуnskу, moral education must begin with the development of moral concepts, which must be not only learned, but also transformed into internal personal aspirations. The core of moral education V.O. Sukhomlуnskу considered formation in the child of humanity, humanism, conscience. V. O. Sukhomlinsky paid the principal attention to the professional training of the teacher and recognized her important role in moral education. The methods and tools offered by the genius of pedagogy are fundamentally important for modern education. Everything that says V. O. Sukhomlinsky about morals, morals, conscience, shame, duty, responsibility, is important for parents, students and teachers at the same time.