Принципи естетичного виховання учнів початкової школи в книзі Василя Сухомлинського «Серце віддаю дітям» та в його художній педагогіці

Abstract

(uk) У статті розкриваються принципи естетичного та морального виховання молодших школярів, вироблені Василем Сухомлинським в його відомій книзі «Серце віддаю дітям» та у власних творах художньої педагогіки. Ідеї педагога потребують особливої уваги через те, що були випробувані в практичній діяльності та є важливою складовою педагогічної системи відомого педагога. Тема естетичного виховання засобами природи є ґрунтовно розробленою В. Сухомлинським та спрямована на естетичне, а значить духовне виховання дітей дошкільного та молодшого шкільного віку.(ru) В статье раскрываются принципы эстетичного и нравственного воспитания младших школьников, выработанные Василием Сухомлинским в его известной книге «Сердце отдаю детям» и в собственных произведениях художественной педагогики. Идеи педагога требуют особого внимания, поскольку были испытаны в практической деятельности и являются важной составляющей педагогической системы известного педагога. Тема эстетичного воспитания средствами природы является основательно разработанная В. Сухомлинским и направлена на эстетическое, а значит духовное воспитания детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста.(en) The article views the means of aesthetic education developed and applied in the pedagogical practice by Vasyl Sukhomlynsky. The idea of aesthetic education by means of nature was worked out by him in a subtle and at the same time profound way. This milestone in the pedagogical heritage of the outstanding pedagogue must be referred to as one of the greatest advances of the pedagogic studies about the aesthetic, which means spiritual education of preschool and primary school age children. In an effort to carry out a pedagogical experiment, Sukhomlynsky began working with a group of six-year olds preparing them for school and afterwards for their primary school studying. This experience was described in his famous book «Sertse Viddayu Dityam» («I Give My Heart to the Children»). One of the effective means that made the children look closer at the surrounding world was devised in the way to provide the children to paint from nature. The children, being outdoors, enthusiastically painted what they liked. They peered into the object they were depicting, developed their imagination, and shaped elementary skills of the picturesque reflection of the world. Another method developed by Sukhomlynsky can be described as upbringing through the music of nature. The pedagogue took the children out to the nature and taught them to listen to its sounds attentively. Having listened to the music, which was comprehensible due to the fact it imitated the nature («Polit Dzhmelya» («The Flight of the Bumblebee») by M. Rymsky-Korsakov, «Pisnya Zhayvoronka» («The Song of the Lark») by P. Chaykovsky). Meanwhile the pedagogue was trying to approximate the musical impressions to the impressions of the nature. For instance, the children sitting on a green meadow are listening to the recorded melody of the «Polit Dzhmelya», sharing their impressions of what they have just heard, which is necessary for better insight into the music. The aesthetic education method by means of nature has to become an inseparable part of the primary teacher professional training. The outstanding pedagogue’s experience in the sphere of the preschool and primary school age children upbringing is the goldmine of the education and upbringing studies, which the future primary school teachers have to familiarize themselves with. Primary school teacher expertise requires both the high level of artistic culture and the culture of musical perception of the world.