Трансгресивний підхід у позашкільній освіті Польщі

Abstract

У статті розкривається сутність трангресії, трангресивного підходу в освіті, трангресивної концепції особистості у дослідженнях польських вчених; обгрунтовуються особливості реалізації трангресивного підходу у позашкільній освіті Польщі.

An article reveals the essence of transgressions, transgressive approach to education, transgressive concept of personality studies of Polish scientists, grounded features of implementation transgressive approach for an out of school education of Poland. Socio-economic and political changes taking place in Ukraine, globalization and integration processes that create united European and world educational space, contribute quality changes in education system, especially, transformation extracurricular activities in school education and its consideration, as important part of education system. state policy in the field of adult education, its legal, socio-economic, organizational, educational and pedagogical principles determined by law of Ukraine "Education", "school education", "the Child Protection", etc. But in the context Ukraine's accession to the Bologna Process, becomes an analysis of foreign experience on the problems of organization of school education and new based approaches to its development, in particular, polish, which characterized by the presence of progressive achievements, implementation transgressive approach, etc. Analysis of scientific and educational research study of the problems of non-formal education in Poland showed that bases of its development, along with the theoretical and methodological approaches as student-centered, axiological, activity, cultural and synergistic, creates transgressive approach. The author of "transgressive concept of personality", is polish philosopher and educator U. Kozeletskyy, observes transgression as overcome the limits of possibilities and achievements of the individual ( as a result, personality gains (creates) new value-inventions, discovery of unknown patterns, new ways of solving problems, etc). Based on the concept of kozeletskyy, polish teachers elaborate theory of transgressive education, which aims is all-round development of the individual. Our study leads to the following conclusions: school education is an important part of the Polish education system, transgression as overcoming the limits of possibilities and achievements of the individual occurs in four dimensions (spaces): material, cognitive, social ( public) and internal (subjective), each of which allows better understanding of the process of "overcoming self", and therefore, the process of creativity (creative achievements), concept of adult education in Poland is based on the principles transgressive approach, which directional at overall development of young people, based on the fact that a person made of psyhony (cognitive, instrumental, motivational, emotional, personal), which are decisive in direction and method of activities, from didactic point of view, the most important and the most effective ways of transgressive introduction is solving problems.