Метафоричні терміни сфери інформаційних технологій: до питання перекладу українською мовою

Abstract

(uk) Статтю присвячено визначенню способів походження термінів сфери інформаційних технологій в англійській та українській мовах. Установлено шляхи утворення відносних термінів української та англійської терміносистем. Виявлено стратегії перекладу термінів сфери інформаційних технологій з англійської мови українською.

(en) In this article the most frequent ways of term formation of IT industry in English and Ukrainian languages are discussed with a special focus on occurrence of metaphor in the terminology. The paper examines metaphorical terms that are used in IT terminology in English and their translation into Ukrainian. The research begins by identifying the principal conceptual and structural characteristics of IT metaphorical terms in English. Next, various strategies used to render these terms into Ukrainian are analised. Furtheron, a variety of semantic and structuralfactors that complicate this rendering are studied. Thropes of all types are often thought of as difficult to translate, and they cause special problems in specialized languages. At the same time metaphors are extremely productive in specialized domains due to user-friendliness of the software. Software producers exploit the anthropocentric effect of metaphors, asproved by the numerous metaphorical terms found in IT vocabulary. The analysis of translation strategies taken from a range of IT texts shows consistency in rendering IT metaphors from English onto Ukrainian language. The analysis reveals some translation techniques: to translate IT metaphoric terms into Ukrainian: metaphor into same metaphor, metaphor into another metaphor with the shift of the metaphor’s source domain, metaphor into non-metaphor to assure more informative rendering of the message. The study analyses the decision-making prosess translators go through in the course of translation. In short, the author argues that the use of strategy for translating English IT metaphors into Ukrainian can be attributed to extralinguistic, not only linguistic factors: the task specification, the client’s request etc. The author claims that translation studies and translation didactics can benefit from the study of professional factors since they influence the translators' choices in the translation process.