Американізація глобальної культури в контексті теорії міжнародних відносин

Abstract

(ua) . Процес «американізації» глобальної культури, що утворюється, пов’язують з інтересами американського бізнесу та їхнім монопольним контролем над світовими інформаційними потоками. Стаття присвячена виявленню тих аспектів «американізації» культури, які дозволяють розглядати її, у тому числі, й як політичний проект. Для цього проводиться зіставлення змісту, характеру та засобів «американізації» культури з методом використання культурних впливів для досягнення зовнішньополітичних цілей, який представлено в концепціях культурного імперіалізму та «м’якої сили» в теорії міжнародних відносин.(en) The process of Americanization of the emerging global culture is associated with the interests of American business and its monopoly control over global information flows. The aim and the tasks of the article are to identify those aspects of Americanization of culture, which allow us to consider them to be the political project as well. To do this the content, nature and means of Americanization of culture are being compared with the method of using cultural influences to achieve foreign policy goals; it is represented in the concepts of cultural imperialism and "soft power" in the theory of international relations. Research methods, such as the sociocultural, the systemic and the comparative ones, were used to perform the tasks. Research results. An analysis of Americanization of global culture has revealed that it is aimed at transforming the system of values, ideology, and behavioural aspects according to American patterns, which are appealingly presented as being more progressive and meeting the imperatives of our time. This process represents a whole system of influences that encompass both the elite and the broad masses of the population, penetrating into the professional sphere, leisure and private life. Americanization covers all basic social institutions, in particular, economics, politics, law, media, education, science, medicine, religion, family, etc. It moves through the contacts of representatives of business and political elites; exchanges, grants and internships at the level of the scientific and professional intellectuals; student exchanges; intensive dissemination of Americanized samples of mass culture; Protestantism, etc. Discussion. Comparison of the main features and means of using the cultural influences in international politics and the process of Americanization of global culture has shown almost their complete coincidence in the crucial aspects: content, orientation, character and means. Conclusion. The article also looked at the opposite points of view on the problem being investigated. At the same time, the results we received are confirmed in both the works of scientists, and in the organization and practice of US cultural policy.