Жанрово-стильові особливості новели Любові Пономаренко «Гер переможений»

Abstract

(uk) У статті визначено комплекс рис, які характеризують жанрову специфіку новели Любові Пономаренко «Гер переможений»: психологізм образів, особливості сюжетобудови, роль оповідача, функції художньої деталі. «Гер переможений» – оригінальна модифікація новелістичного жанру. Функціонування комплексу канонічних ознак новели підпорядковане авторській концепції – осягнення людини через призму загальнолюдського, звільнення особистості від ідеологічних стереотипів. Головним предметом розповіді є не стільки незвичайна подія, як незвичайний герой. Саме тому художньо-стильова домінанта Любові Пономаренко – психологізм, що визначає специфіку інших жанрових параметрів новели. У центрі авторської уваги типовий новелістичний герой зі сформованим світоглядом, характером, який в екстремальній ситуації виявляє свої сутнісні риси: німець в безвиході полону керується гуманістичними принципами.(en) The article outlines a set of features, which characterize genre specific of novel «Ger Peremojeniy» by Lubov Ponomarenko: psychology of images, specifics of story structure, role of narrator, functions of artistic detail. «Ger Peremojeniy» is the original modification of novelistic genre. The functioning of complex of canonical novel’s features is subordinated to the author's concept – man’s comprehension through the prism of human, individual liberation from ideological stereotypes. The main subject of the story is not so much an unusual event as unusual hero. That’s why the artistic and stylistic dominant of Lubov Ponomarenko is psychology, which determines the specific of other genre parameters of the novel. In the center of author's attention there is a typical novelistic hero with the prevailing ideology, character, which finds its essential features in an extreme situation: German prisoner guides by humanistic principles in despair of captivity. The writer explores the psychology not only the main character, but other characters: children, guard, widows, she reveals different psychological aspects of their behavior in the light of internal struggle universal human and ideological principles. The writer was solved seemingly lifting for small genre task – to understand the spiritual evolution of the individual (the image of the narrator): girl grows up, becomes a mother and revises her attitude to Friedrich, but by and large does an audit of her property. The author reveals the effect of different psychological mechanisms including psychological projections: prisoner sees his own children among strangers, native home in the foreign house, widows design the fate of the captive German to their husbands; psychological self-defense mechanism covers through the image of a prisoner – the desire to win the ugliness of the world by creation of beauty. The typical for the novel plot is transformed in the novel, it appears by two storylines, which have the same eyeballs (destruction Friedrich’s bed by kids): external household plot (Friedrich’s drama) and internal psychological plot (spiritual evolution of the narrator). They have a similar structure, climax and denouement match: the first – Friedrich’s suicide, the second – mental issues of Friedrich’s daughters from the photo, which was founded by narrator’s son in half a century. The dramatic pathos of the novel becomes more expressive because of the pass-through contrast. The contrast is the basis of the author's conception and determines the ideological and philosophical opposition of the images of German – humane representative of enemy state and cruel children – citizens of the country, which a priori is always positioned as humanistic. The opposition overcomes only in decisions, which confirm the victory of humanity in existential measurement: Friedrich dead, but kept his human (spiritual) essence, narrator realized her guilt and experienced remorse for her children's sins. The author's idea is upholding the priority of human values over ideological stereotypes. The artistic detail, which presents the captive and children, plays an important multifunctional role in the novel. All details are repeating, some are transformed, their meaning expands, and that’s why they are close to the symbol. The artistic detail «the photo of German’s daughters» is the micromodel of hero’s fate, which representatives the major stages of his life: happy father at the beginning of the novel and a man who lost his family in the end. Semantic content of the artistic details enriches using strokes of the plot, which extend its associative field and already unfold in the mind of the recipient (mitten – hand – protection and tenderness; girls’ on the photo shoes damaged by drill – feet – to go – children’s ragged road to father). Artistic details «flower bed» and «cross» present conflicting parties – Friedrich and children, embodying opposition concepts «spiritual beauty (love, mercy) – cruelty, aggression». Besides cross performs predictive function, alluding to the German’s death and artistic detail «flower bed» is transformed into a flower, emphasizing the idea of indestructibility beauty. Clearly identified laconic is as essential artistic and stylistic trait of Lubov Ponomarenko, extremely high informative «density» of the text. Original novel «Ger Peremojeniy» by Lubov Ponomarenko demonstrates the innovative of writer, it’s directed to the finding the optimal ways of interaction between form and content, on the one hand, making genre canon more expressive, on the other, shaking it.