Неприйняття релігійних свят в ранній радянський період у відображенні місцевої преси Уманської округи

Abstract

(ua) У статті розглядається офіційне ставлення партійних, державних, громадських структур в Eманській окрузі до релігійних свят у 1923–1925 рр. Проаналізовані відповідні матеріали вміщені на сторінках газети «Робітниче-селянська правда» – органу Уманського окружного комітету КП(б)У і окрвиконкому Уманщини. Зроблено висновок, що в Уманській окрузі, як і загалом в радянській Україні у той період, відносно більш толерантне офіційне ставлення до релігії поєднувалося із подальшим насадженням нетерпимості до неї. Це досить виразно виявлялося в неприйнятті релігійних свят та всього пов’язаного з ними і вело до руйнації традиційних духовно-культурних цінностей тих релігійних конфесій, які були представлені у цьому регіоні.

(en) From the first years of Soviet rule in Ukraine, the Bolshevik Party actively fought against religious rites, sacraments, worship and holidays. On the eve of religious holidays, there was a significant increase in anti -religious propaganda. An important role in this was played by the official press, in particular, newspaper periodicals of various levels – from all-Ukrainian to regional publications. It published materials that covered the course of the leadership of the USSR and the union state in the field of religious policy, including directives on religious holidays, and reflected the practice of their implementation on the ground. The author of the article aimed to attract and analyze the sources that characterize the official rejection of religious holidays on the example of Uman district in the first half of the 1920s. The object of consideration were various publications related to this topic, published in 1923 –1925 on the pages of the newspaper "Robitniche-selyanskaya Pravda" – a body of the Uman district committee of the CP(b)U and the district executive committee of Uman. The coverage period is generally characterized by more moderate manifestations of anti-religious propaganda, including on religious holidays, but this meant only a temporary change in Bolshevik tactics. The materials analyzed in the article give grounds to state the following: During this period in Uman region there was a generally negative attitude to religious holidays by party, state institutions and subordinate public structures. A more effective method, compared to simply banning such holidays, was to displace them in various ways from daily life of urban and rural population, in particular, through the organization of "scientific propaganda" and the promotion of alternative forms of Soviet holiday rituals. There continued the practice of conducting anti-religious events, in particular large-scale antireligious campaigns aimed at forming in the minds of various social groups negative attitudes towards religious holidays and everything related to them. However, they were not entirely successful, as established religious traditions, especially of the rural population of Uman, often dominated. Some actions were aimed at ridiculing the content of religion and its rites, and their participants, mostly young people, did not always show due respect for the religious feelings of believers. The ostentatious refusal of working and educational groups of Uman region to celebrate religious holidays was encouraged, their work and studies were fully supported on these days, and appeals of civil and military assemblies to postpone holidays from Sunday to onto another day of the week associated with the official Soviet holiday of the proletarian revolution were spread. In general, it can be stated that in Uman district at that time there was a tendency on the part of the authorities and public structures under their control to actively reject religious holidays and to displace them from everyday life of society. This ultimately led to the destruction of the traditional spiritual and cultural values of the religious denominations represented in the region.