Словотвірні категорії девербативів: семантичний аспект

Abstract

(uk) Окреслено перспективу дослідження девербативів в українській мові в контексті теоретичних здобутків сучасної лінгвістики. Визначено склад словотвірних категорій віддієслівних похідних. Установлено потенціал словотворчих суфіксів, використаних для словотвірних категорій суб’єкта дії, стану, знаряддя й засобу дії, локатива. З’ясовано особливості словотвірної семантики віддієслівних похідних.

(en) The article outlines the prospect of research of the derverbatives in the Ukrainian language in the context of theoretical achievements of modern linguistics, the composition of word-building categories of verbal derivatives is determined; the potential of word-formation suffixes which are used for word-building categories of the subject of action, state, tools and means of action, locality\ is established; the peculiarities of word-forming semantics of verbal derivatives in the Ukrainian language are revealed. It is established that the structure and filling of vjord-formation units with vertex verbs depends on word-formation means formed by a certain lexical- semantic group of constructive verbs and the word-building meanings, origin and frequency of verb use. The word-building categories of deverbatives are diverse in their semantic nature. Word-building categories of the subject of action and status form the core of the categories. The greatest number of deverbatives are formed the word-building categories of the subject of action, state, names of instruments and means of action, the described meanings and the deverbatives with locative meaning are on the periphery. Among the word-building categories of verbal neo-lexemes, word-building categories of the subject of action, the specified action, specific and abstract concepts, categories of attributes are productive ones. Filling of word-building units with vertex verb is predictable, systemic but limited in the expression of semantic functions which is typical for stylistically marked deverbatives. The structure and filling ofword-building units with vertex verbs depends on the word-formation meanings that are formed by a certain lexical-semantic group of constructive verbs and word-building means, the word-building category of deverbatives, the origin and frequency of verb use.