Військово-технічна підтримка Республіки Афганістан з боку СРСР у 1989–1991 рр.

Abstract

(ua) Після виведення своїх військ з Афганістану СРСР підтримував режим НДПА в афганській кризі. На противагу усталеній у радянській та росій-ській історіографії думці ми вважаємо, що Радянський Союз надалі ли-шався стороною конфлікту. Головними складовими політики СРСР щодо Афганістану в нових умовах були інститут військових радників, який було збережено, та широкомасштабні поставки зброї й військової техніки. Це призвело до ескалації афганської кризи, а також подальшого виснаження економіки CРСР в останні роки його існування. (en) After withdrawal of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the civil war in this country continued. According to the Soviet and Russian historiography, the Soviet Union kept away from the Afghan crisis after February 15, 1989. For this reason, the USSR’s policy on Afghanistan in 1989–1991 was not covered in academic literature. Only some of its aspects have been studied by Ukrainian schol ars. According to our hypothesis, after the withdrawal of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops, the USSR continued to be a party of the Afghan conflict, and provided a military and technical support to the Republic of Afghanistan. The purpose of this article is to investigate the directions of a military and political support of the Kabul regime by the USSR in 1989 — 1991, the components and amount of Soviet assistance, and its impact on military and political situation in the region. The methodology is based on a detailed study of historical sources, which describe the USSR’s policy on Afghanistan during the period. They include the documents of the top Soviet leadership (the transcripts of meetings and decisions of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the orders of the Council of Ministers), the transcripts of talks and the correspondence between M. S. Gorbachov and other Soviet officials, on the one hand, and Afghan leaders, on the other, and the memoirs and the interviews of Soviet political and military figures, and publications in the Soviet newspapers. We concluded that the Soviet Union continued to support M. Najibullah’s regime in 1989–1991. After the troops’ withdrawal, the USSR supplied weapons and military equipment to Afghanistan. Unlike previous period, the USSR provided M. Najibullah with modern high-tech weapons in large numbers, which strengthened his regime’s military capabilities. The institution of Soviet Military Advisers persisted. Only after the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, a military advantage in the Afghan civil shifted to the opposition.