Графічні знання як елемент технічного мислення учнів і студентів навчальних закладів
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Дата
2017
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
КДПУ ім. В. Винниченка
Анотація
(uk): У статті зроблена спроба показати яким засобом можна прискорити процес придбання учнями й студентами конкретних графічних знань з предмету «Креслення» з наступним формуванням у них технічного мислення. Дана технологія навчання дозволяє при цьому формувати технічне мислення з різних розділів креслення (машинобудівне, будівельне креслення, електро- радіотехнічне креслення й т.п.).
(ru) В статье предпринята попытка показать каким способом можно ускорить процесс приобретения учащимися и студентами конкретных графических знаний по предмету «Черчение» с последующим формированием у них технического мышления. Данная технология обучения позволяет при этом формировать техническое мышление по разным разделам черчения (машиностроительное, строительное черчение, электро-радиотехническое черчение и т.п.).
(en) Drawings in a modern society are used practically in all spheres of activity of the person. Especially they are irreplaceable in the course of technological formation (at schools, grammar schools, colleges and especially in higher educational institutions) and in professional work. Therefore ability to read and carry out drawings is one of the basic characteristics whom the competent graduate of modern high school should possess. To learn to read the drawing, to possess necessary for this purpose competency - enough challenge, feasible only for at whom it is developed or there are abilities to spatial representation, imagination, thinking. Descriptive geometry as any other subject, opening the general laws of construction of drawings, simultaneously is the effective remedy of formation and development of spatial thinking trained. Spatial representations, active spatially-shaped thinking always were the important problem in vocational training of experts. Absence of plotting in high school and the further restoration in the quantity of class periods cut by half, and also academic load reduction on descriptive geometry, the technical drawing, plotting, seriously complicated graphic preparation of experts of art and technical specialities in higher educational institutions. Continuously increasing requirements to vocational training of experts have aggravated graphic preparation of experts. Therefore we had been made attempt to fill this lack of educational process at the expense of change of its structure and activization of training of separate themes of discipline of plotting. It is possible to consider on a theme plotting electro-and radio engineering schemes. In each scheme there are separate sites which it is possible to name typical. Very important for computer literacy to learn these elements for ever. It is carried out by constant training that allows to develop at pupils and students spatial thinking. Especially it is important for pupils of schools who will study subsequently at university by a trade «6.01010301 Technological enducation». Students who will study by this trade, will have further such disciplines, as: «Electrical engineer», «Radio engineering», «Electroinstallation works», etc. where they will meet various schemes. Therefore in the course of study at them it is necessary to develop spatial thinking, and this process should be carried out through consecutive, stage-by-stage training, namely: 1 stage, at first students should get separate elements of graphic knowledge fastening of this knowledge in the form of formation at them professional skills (to read conditional graphic representations) development of spatial thinking; 2 stage, students should get other elements of graphic knowledge to connect all elements of graphic knowledge together to generate at students professional abilities (to combine elements of electric schemes) fastening of these abilities in development of spatial thinking.
(ru) В статье предпринята попытка показать каким способом можно ускорить процесс приобретения учащимися и студентами конкретных графических знаний по предмету «Черчение» с последующим формированием у них технического мышления. Данная технология обучения позволяет при этом формировать техническое мышление по разным разделам черчения (машиностроительное, строительное черчение, электро-радиотехническое черчение и т.п.).
(en) Drawings in a modern society are used practically in all spheres of activity of the person. Especially they are irreplaceable in the course of technological formation (at schools, grammar schools, colleges and especially in higher educational institutions) and in professional work. Therefore ability to read and carry out drawings is one of the basic characteristics whom the competent graduate of modern high school should possess. To learn to read the drawing, to possess necessary for this purpose competency - enough challenge, feasible only for at whom it is developed or there are abilities to spatial representation, imagination, thinking. Descriptive geometry as any other subject, opening the general laws of construction of drawings, simultaneously is the effective remedy of formation and development of spatial thinking trained. Spatial representations, active spatially-shaped thinking always were the important problem in vocational training of experts. Absence of plotting in high school and the further restoration in the quantity of class periods cut by half, and also academic load reduction on descriptive geometry, the technical drawing, plotting, seriously complicated graphic preparation of experts of art and technical specialities in higher educational institutions. Continuously increasing requirements to vocational training of experts have aggravated graphic preparation of experts. Therefore we had been made attempt to fill this lack of educational process at the expense of change of its structure and activization of training of separate themes of discipline of plotting. It is possible to consider on a theme plotting electro-and radio engineering schemes. In each scheme there are separate sites which it is possible to name typical. Very important for computer literacy to learn these elements for ever. It is carried out by constant training that allows to develop at pupils and students spatial thinking. Especially it is important for pupils of schools who will study subsequently at university by a trade «6.01010301 Technological enducation». Students who will study by this trade, will have further such disciplines, as: «Electrical engineer», «Radio engineering», «Electroinstallation works», etc. where they will meet various schemes. Therefore in the course of study at them it is necessary to develop spatial thinking, and this process should be carried out through consecutive, stage-by-stage training, namely: 1 stage, at first students should get separate elements of graphic knowledge fastening of this knowledge in the form of formation at them professional skills (to read conditional graphic representations) development of spatial thinking; 2 stage, students should get other elements of graphic knowledge to connect all elements of graphic knowledge together to generate at students professional abilities (to combine elements of electric schemes) fastening of these abilities in development of spatial thinking.
Опис
Ключові слова
креслення, машинобудівне, будівельне креслення, електро-радіотехнічне креслення, графічні знання, технічне мислення, черчение, машиностроительное, строительное черчение, электро-радиотехническое черчение, графические знания, техническое мышление, sketching, engineering, construction drafting, electro-radio engineering drawings, graphic skills, technical thinking
Бібліографічний опис
Анісімов М. В. Графічні знання як елемент технічного мислення учнів і студентів навчальних закладів / Микола Вікторович Анісімов // Наукові записки КДПУ. Серія: Педагогічні науки / ред. кол.: В. Ф. Черкасов [та ін.]. – Кропивницький : КДПУ ім. В. Винниченка, 2017. – Вип. 150. – С. 13-17.