Організаційно-методичні засади розвитку загальної музичної освіти в Болгарії

Abstract

(uk) У статті здійснено спробу схарактеризувати розвиток загальної музичної освіти в Болгарії, дослідити зміст музичного виховання в загальноосвітніх навчальних закладах та позашкільних закладах естетичного виховання. Крім того, доведено вплив музично-естетичного виховання на формування загальнолюдських цінностей.(ru) В статье предпринята попытка охарактеризовать развитие общего музыкального образования в Болгарии, исследовать содержание музыкального воспитания в общеобразовательных учебных заведениях и внешкольных учебных заведениях эстетического профиля. Кроме того, доведено влияние музыкально-эстетического воспитания на формирование общечеловеческих ценностей.(en) The article attempts to characterize the development of general music education in Bulgaria, to investigate the content of music education in secondary schools and extracurricular aesthetic education institutions. In addition, the influence of musical and aesthetic education on the formation of universal values is proved. It is proved that in Bulgaria the general music education is given due attention by the Ministry of Education and Science and local self-government bodies. Students study music culture in Bulgaria and Europe from grades 1 to 8, inclusive. In the future, music education continues in the form of optional classes. In addition, there are general education schools in the country with advanced study of music and art schools, whose students receive a thorough basic training in mastering the skills of playing a musical instrument. Music teachers and teachers of extracurricular arts institutions have a thorough psychological and pedagogical and methodological training, they are performers on certain musical instruments and are ready to solve the issues of comprehensive musical and creative development of young people. The syllabus includes the subject «Music», in which students participate in all kinds of activities. They sing, learn the basics of musical notation, listen and analyze musical works of different genres, move to music, play elementary musical instruments. From 6th grade students get acquainted with the musical culture of Bulgaria. In grades 7-8, teenagers study the world of music. Bulgarian scholars and practitioners are convinced that vocal and choral work is the main type of music activity in music lessons in secondary schools. During singing, children acquire the skills of collective choral performance, which allows them to actively participate in a particular type of musical creativity. Choral singing contributes not only to the musical ability and voice of the child, but also to thinking, speaking, and expanding the vocabulary. Choral singing, evoking bright emotions in younger students, has a positive effect on aesthetic and moral feelings, promotes the formation of humanistic positions in the minds of children.