Переклад Сучасної Поезії: Можливий Чи Ні?

Abstract

(uk) Стаття присвячена труднощам перекладу поетичних текстів, які містять в собі «неперекладні елементи». Мова, зокрема, йде про можливість адекватного перекладу сучасного вірша англійської мови, який повністю складається з віддієслівних іменників з суфіксами – er та –or, на кшталт teacher, talker, corrector. Постає питання, чи можливо передати це у перекладі. Автори доводять думку, що головне у перекладі вірша – це збереження образу, який у свою чергу, складається із змістовних сем. Повторюваність форм можна передати за допомогою перекладацької трансформації компенсації. У статті надаються та аналізуються декілька варіантів перекладу, виконаних авторами та студентами. Вказано на основні завдання перекладача, та типові помилки, допущені у перекладі.

(en) The article deals with the difficulties and problems of adequate translation of the modern poetic text. Traditional aspects of translation are described and analyzed. The main perspective of the authors is that the rendering of the image in poetry is the most important task of a translator. Image means the thoughts and aims of the author. It consists of the semes which can be described, counted and analyzed. The more semes translator can render, the more adequate the target text is. Thus, the proposed translations have been analyzed from the point of view of the number of rendered semes. One more difficulty is the translation of lexical and grammatical forms which do not exist in the target language. The original text under analysis consists completely of verbal nouns with suffixes -er and -or. The total number of them in the verse is 54. There were practically no other parts of speech used. The question for the investigation was – how to render and preserve them in translation?. The authors have analyzed the ways of rendering of these lexical and grammatical forms and have come to the conclusion that translation is possible. Such forms can be translated either by nouns or by verbs. Another problem under analysis was a task of rendering the grammatical repetition of forms. As we have mentioned, in the original text the whole verse consists of the nouns with suffixes -er and -or. In Ukrainian it is impossible. But the authors tried to use the transformation of compensation. We tried to compensate repetition by other forms of repetitions – phonetical, morphological, lexical, grammatical and syntactical. As a result the text of translation is also full of repetitions and it makes it interesting and unusual. The proposed original text was translated by us – teachers and students. It was actually their first attempt in poetic translation. They were thrilled. All the aspects were analyzed in class, all mistakes were discussed, but we have presented (by their consent) some versions of translation. This gives the article the practical character and lots of material for further analysis.Some typical mistakes are also analyzed in the article. And they provide the reason for further thinking, experimenting and translating.