Актуальні проблеми вивчення сучасного мистецтва

Abstract

(uk) Окреслено проблеми у вивченні сучасного мистецтва, розуміння якого формує у студентів уявлення про зміни художньої картини світу в ХХ столітті і про взаємодію новітніх форм творчості з образотворчою традицією. Розглянуто дефініції та хронологічні рамки, визначені інституції, які дозволяють ідентифікувати статус твору сучасного мистецтва. Виявлено характерні види і форми сучасних естетичних практик. Позначена проблема сприйняття і розуміння художньої мови новітніх течій.(ru) Обозначены проблемы в изучении современного искусства, понимание которого формирует у студентов представления об изменениях художественной картины мира в ХХ веке и о взаимодействии новейших форм творчества с изобразительной традицией. Рассмотрены дефиниции и хронологические рамки, определены институции, которые позволяют идентифицировать статус произведения современного искусства. Выявлены характерные виды и формы современных эстетических практик. Обозначена проблема восприятия и понимания художественного языка новейших течений.(en) Professional training of future specialists in fine arts and design includes many aspects of the development of art and its artistic and aesthetic qualities. The study of contemporary art allows students to formulate more clear ideas about the changes in the artistic picture of the world in the twentieth century and about the interaction of the newest forms of creativity with the artistic tradition. Reference literature, critical articles and monographs on contemporary art give disparate notions about this phenomenon. Meanwhile, there are many problems that need to be resolved. The article outlines the range of these problems. Each of them can be considered as a definite stage of mastering the specifics of contemporary artistic creation. The definitions and chronological frameworks of modern art are considered, which have several interpretations. In particular, there are contradictions in the definition of the boundaries of the phenomenon that is being studied. To understand the new artistic picture of the world, these boundaries should be expanded. The structures that allow identify the status of a work of modern art are considered. These are modern art museums, art galleries, art fairs, exhibition projects, collectors and institutes that study the specifics of contemporary art. Identified types and forms of modern aesthetic practices are revealed. It is emphasized that the role of the viewer changes, which becomes a participant in the creative process. This helps to change the goals and objectives of creating a work of art. Classical aesthetics is based on contemplation and enjoying the beautiful. The work of modern art expresses a conceptual idea, which can be anti-aesthetic. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the art of the action (happening and performance), the art of the object (installation) and the art of the latest technologies (digital art). Each new form of creativity has its own specificity in creating an artistic image and methods of influencing the viewer. The problem of perception and understanding of the artistic language of contemporary art that requires special interpretation is indicated. The influence of contemporary art on the viewer is based on the method of translating the idea, which is embedded in the work. Negative reaction to contemporary art is due to the discrepancy between the expectations of the viewer. The study of contemporary art develops the horizons of students and promotes the development of critical and associative thinking.