Семіотика очей в оповіданні В. Винниченка «Студент»

Abstract

(uk) Очі є одним із найінформативніших портретних знаків, завдяки якому читач більше дізнається про персонажа. Інколи – це фундамент, основа враження про людину, бо колір очей, їхній вираз і погляд відображають і швидкоплинні емоції, і більш сталі характеристики особистості – її характер та почуття. Стаття є спробою розглянути образ очей в оповіданні Винниченка «Студент» як джерело семіотичної інтерпретації, з’ясувати рівень знаковості образу у художній структурі твору, його роль у творенні портретів героїв, реалізації художньої ідеї. Це знакова портретна деталь, у якій Винниченко закодовує духовний світ людини буремної доби, розкриває не стільки психологію героя, скільки психологію моменту, емоцій, інстинктів та імпульсів у вирішальну мить його життя.(en) The main peculiarities of a portrait in a literary work can be defined such a way: it is the representation of external in a man and that internal which appear outside and get to be apparent, perceptible. A portrait gives an image-character concrete nature, visual perceptibility, gives a reader an opportunity to imagine a character of a literary work, perceive a character as a live, real person. The description of character’s appearance forms a visual image in the reader’s consciousness. Certainly, an image of a character is not only the character’s status, colour of eyes, and length of hair. I t is the form of character’s thoughts, feelings, interests, assessment, life experience – a portrait of a person. And «the mirror of soul », and that ancient truth is still topicality, is eyes. They are one of the most informative portrait signs, and because of them a reader knows more about a character. Sometimes they are a foundation, a base of impression about a man, because a colour of eyes, their expression, and look reflect both fleeting (passing) emotions, and more constant personal characteristics – character and feelings. A portrait characteristic can determine a compound multilevel system of associated components – things, gestures, colours, – from the smallest detail to the complex of features. But an artistic form doesn’t always let extended, detailed descriptions, and this is the specific of character creation in the genres of short prose comparatively with the genres of novels. So, the base of a poetic portrait can be an accent of onl y one detail or a focus on a few details – but the details are not random, the details that create a character, give an impulse for creation of a self-sufficient and complete image of a character. Eyes are an expressively accented portrait detail in the short story «Student» by Volodymyr Vynnychenko. The especial semiotic status of expression of eyes or looks of characters is obvious, because eyes are one of the most generally used images in the art canvas of a literary work. This paper is attempt to consider the image of eyes in the short story «Student» by Vynnychenko as a source of semiotic interpretation, find out the sign level of an image in the art structure of a literary work, its role in creation of character portraits, realization of artistic idea. I t is a significant portrait detail in which Vynnychenko codes the inner world of a man of the tempestuous epoch, and opens rather the psychology of a moment, emotions, instincts, and impulses in the crucial point of character’s life, than the psychology of a character.