Стилістичні можливості словотвору в німецькій мові

Abstract

(uk) У статті розглядаються особливості основних видів словотвору в німецькій мові, таких як деривація, словоскладання та утворення нових слів з точки зору стилістики. Головна увага зосереджена на закономірностях вживання слів, утворених за певним типом, у текстах різних функціональних стилів сучасної німецької мови. Зокрема, вживання дериватів є типовим для офіційно-ділового та публіцистичного стилю; основною сферою вживання складних слів і новоутворень є тексти художнього стилю та фахова література.

(en) In this article the main types of word formation in contemporary German from the point of view of stylistics are considered. Derivations, complex words and neoplasmus of words are such word-building models that have a common function, which consists in evaluative-emotional expression of the subjective attitude to the named. The possibility of word-formation for stylistics is determined by the peculiarities of the formation for stylistics is determined by the peculiarities of the formation of complex words and the peculiarities of the formation of complex words and the peculiarities of their use. The main focus is on the regularity of the use of the words, formed by a certain type, in the texts of various functional styles of the German language. In particular, derivatives are often used in scientific, official-business and journalistic styles. They serve to increase the meaning, to express a subjective assessment of the characteristics of the people, their actions, can give a negative touch of evaluation, show disparaging attitude to people, especially in spoken language, in youth jargon. In fiction such words help create an atmosphere of relaxation, serve as a means of expressing humor and satire. Complex words perform various expressive functions, the main of which relate to two main types of stylistic significance –language economics and emotional evaluation. Each model of a complex word can be used as a stylistic tool, which depends on the content of the direct components, the frequency of use. Complex words are typical for texts of fiction, where they pass into hyperbole and metaphor, as well as for official-business and scientific styles, which mainly refer to terms, new subjects, phenomena and concepts. In advertising texts, compound words are used to express as much informationas possible in a concise form. New word formation, in turn, gives texts of an ironic, evaluative, and sometimes even vocational tint. New, creative forms have a significant stylistic effect, found mainly in journalistic texts. Poetic neoplasms of words asan element of the artistic method, designed to enhance the aesthetic influence of fiction on the reader. Often they will be used by writers-impresionists.