До питання про самостійну роботу учнів в оволодінні іноземною мовою

Abstract

(uk) У статті розглядаються особливості самостійної роботи учнів закладу загальної середньої освіти під час вивчення іноземної мови. Подано огляд та аналіз існуючих поглядів на самостійну роботу учнів з точки зору психології, педагогіки та методики викладання іноземних мов; наведені існуючі класифікації видів самостійної навчальної роботи, розкрито специфіку організації самостійної роботи учнів під час засвоєння лексики, граматики, у навчанні читання, усного мовлення, аудіювання та письма з огляду на необхідні навчальні вміння учнів, формування яких передбачає самостійна робота.

(ru) В статье рассматриваются особенности самостоятельной работы учащихся заведения общего среднего образования во время изучения иностранного языка. Представлено рассмотрение и анализ существующих взглядов на самостоятельную работу учеников с точки зрения психологии, педагогики и методики преподавания иностранных языков; приведены существующие классификации видов самостоятельной работы учеников во время усвоения лексики, грамматики, в обучении чтению, устной речи и письму учитывая необходимые учебные умения учеников, формирование которых предусматривает самостоятельная работа.

(en) One of the most actual problems that stand before modern science is a problem of increase of efficiently of studies. Independent work of students is the important component of process of studies. Skills and abilities of the independent work at the study of foreign language are created only during systematic implementation of the certain educational operating under educational material. Methodists and teacherpractices expose of independent work through description of management her implementation, or as forms of organization of lessons. In force of it independent work is determined by some authors as a method of studies, other – as a reception of students, and third – as a form of organization of activity of students. Some basic conceptions of independent works, in that, are examined in the article, in particular, essence of independent work of explained by character of task that is executed by students, by the value of task for education and development of student, by quality of the attained results, basis of independent work is an educational problem or cognitive task. A task is any type of independent works has in itself or necessity for a search and application of new knowledge already by the acquainted methods, or search of new ways and methods of capture new knowledge. Thus an educational task, as basis of any independent activity, is an impulse for independent cognition. One of initial principles of the classification considered in the article, there is principle of independence of students at implementation of work, principle of the didactics setting of independent work in studies and other. Under independent work such form of organization of educational and language activity of students, at that under the direction of teacher and on his task on a lesson or after the lesson students independently carry out the successive cycle of the educational actions sent to the capture or forming of language abilities corresponding material by him, understands from a foreign language. It is well-proven in many researches of experimental character, that individual forms of organization of independent works of different levels of complication, that require different plenitude of knowledge, depth of generalizations and conclusions, various mental and practical actions have greater educational possibilities, by comparison to ordinary frontal tasks. Independent work plays an important role the decision of tasks from a foreign language, that has educational character. She promotes: to the increase of the real time of language and speech practice of every student; to perfection of process control of studies; to strengthening of individualization of studies; to realization of the differentiated going near studies; activations of educational activity; to the increase of motivation to the studies.