Синонімія з точки зору стилістики

Abstract

(uk) У статті розглядається явище синонімії через призму стилістики; головна увага присвячена таким групам синонімів, як: смислові (ідеографічні), стилістичні (емоційно-експресивні) та контекстуальні (оказіональні). Також вказується на особливості реалізації їх значень та функціонування у текстах різних стилів, щоб із достатньо великої кількостіможливих слів, виразів та конструкцій вибрати такі, які будуть більш доречними у семантичному та стилістичному плані для використання у будь-якій ситуації. Важливим аспектом розгляду проблеми синонімії є розширення сфери синонімів через процес наближення літературної та розмовної мови, завдяки залученню слів іншомовного походження та вживання номінативних конструкцій.

(en) In the article the phenomenon of synonymy is examined through the prism of stylistics; main attention is sanctified to such groups of synonyms, as: ideographical, stylistic (emotionally-expressive) and contextual. From the arsenal of vocabulary of language stylistics distinguishes such categories of words, that serve not only for the name of various concepts, phenomena, objects, but also for relational of that, who talks or that, who writes expression, to surrounding reality. Also specified on the feature of realization of their values and functioning in texts of different styles, that from to choose enough plenty of possible words, expressions and constructions such that will be more appropriate ina semantic and stylistic plan for the use in any situation. Electing synonyms it follows to take into account next factors: or speech goes speech about "absolute" synonyms; whether they originate from one basis at the help of different word-formation facilities and that is why matter, that very near; whether the stylistic colourings of words are recovered; with what актантами they constrained. The important aspect of consideration of problem of synonymy is expansion of sphere of synonyms through the process of approaching of literary and colloquial language, due to bringing in of words of foreign origin and use of nominative constructions. In relation to the use of synonyms in different styles of German, it is necessary to notice that advantage gets to such variants of value and stylistic colouring, that answer functional style, theme and general stylish atmosphere of text in a most degree. The use of synonyms is anything in different functional styles, namely: to the use of ideographical synonyms style of publicism and press and officially-business style gravitate in a greater degree, contextual synonyms can be more often met in texts of fiction, in a publicism and in popular scientific texts. Scientific style, usually, shuts out replacement of certain term a contextual synonym (after the exception of sphere of philosophical and natural sciences). Synonyms are intertwined in the general canvas of text as various tints, they do possible varying of points of view, from that attitude is examined toward work from position of writer. It means that a writer can aftertheir help pass and specially accent attention on different parties of object or phenomenon and pass the different tints of the attitude toward said. The stylistic functions of contextual synonyms are actually unlimited: they can serve for variety of expression, they carry additional information or clarification said, or subjective estimation.