Інститут омбудсмена як складник системи захисту прав дітей в Україні

Abstract

(uk) Встановлено, що інститут омбудсмена є складником системи захисту прав дітей в Україні. Зроблено висновок, що діючі омбудсмени (Уповноважений Верховної Ради України з прав людини, Уповноважений Президента України з прав дитини, Уповноважений Президента України з прав людей з інвалідністю, освітній омбудсмен) у межах їх компетенцій, поряд з іншими органами, установами та організаціями державного і громадського характеру, організовують діяльність, спрямовану на забезпечення умов, необхідних і достатніх для реалізації дітьми їхніх прав, на охорону і захист прав дітей.(ru) Установлено, что институт омбудсмена является компонентом системы защиты прав детей в Украине. Сделан вывод, что действующие омбудсмены (Уполномоченный Верховного Совета Украины по правам человека, Уполномоченный Президента Украины по правам детей, Уполномоченный Президента Украины по правам людей с инвалидностью, омбудсмен по вопросам образования) в рамках своей компетентности, вместе с другими органами, учреждениями и организациями государственного и общественного характера проводят деятельность, направленную на обеспечение условий, наобходимых и достаточных для реализации детьми их прав, на охрану и защиту прав детей.(en) The urgency of the topic is due to the fact that children – a special age category, that needs specific protection. Ombudsmen have a special place in the system of protection of children's rights, whose purpose is to assist in the realization of their rights by children, to secure and protect the rights of children. The purpose of the article is to determine the place and role of the Ombudsman Institute in the system of protection of children's rights. It is established that the Commissioner for Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Human Rights, exercising parliamentary control over the observance of constitutional rights and freedoms, can visit places where under the decision of a court or administration are forcibly detained by minors, as well as interrogate them regarding their treatment, the conditions of their detention, and to apply to the court for the protection of the rights and freedoms of persons who, because they are not of legal age, are unable to defend their rights independently. It has been found that scientists have a critical appraisal of the human rights potential of the Presidential Ombudsman, since this official is not endowed with real powers and is not independent in his activities. It is revealed that the Presidential Commissioner for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has the right to visit the institutions of the system of rehabilitation of children with disabilities, educational institutions, health care institutions and other institutions and to take measures to eliminate violations of children's rights in these institutions. The protection of the right to education (the right to quality and accessible education, the right to receive lifelong education, the right to free education) is one of the powers of the educational ombudsman. It is concluded that the current Ombudsmen (Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for Human Rights, Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of the Child, Commissioner of the President of Ukraine for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Educational Ombudsman) within their competence, among other institutions and organizations of the state nature, organize activities aimed at ensuring the conditions necessary and sufficient for the realization of their rights by children, the protection of children's rights.