Право на академічну свободу: конституційно-правовий вимір

Abstract

(uk) У статті розглядається поняття та структура права людини і громадянина на академічну свободу, що належить до системи культурних прав і свобод, аналізуються норми міжнародного та вітчизняного законодавства, що декларують означене право.

(ru) В статье рассматривается понятие и структура права человека и гражданина на академическую свободу, которое входит в систему культурных прав и свобод, анализируются нормы международного и отечественного законодательства, которые декларируют указанное право.

(en) The article is devoted the concept and structure of human and civil rights to academic freedom that belongs to the system of cultural rights and freedoms. It is analyzed the norms of international and domestic law, which declaring appointed law. Particular, it is observed that the first academic freedom as a set of opportunities in higher education finds itsconstitutional recognition in the twentieth century. The attention is paid to the international legal acts that proclaimthe basic principles of the academic freedom. The different scientific approaches to the interpretation of academic freedom are given. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, academic freedom is the autonomy and independence of the educational process participants in the proceedings educational, scientific, educational, scientific and / or innovation activities carried out on the principles of freedom of expression and creativity, knowledge and information, research and use their results and implemented with the limitations established by law. The he right to academic freedom as subjective human and civil rights, which belongs only to a certain subject and realized only at the request of the person is analyzed. At its core the right to academic freedom is the possibility of human and citizens to participate in educational and scientific process. Its content makes up the benefits in pedagogical, research and pedagogical, research and / or innovative activities and the right to these benefits, namely their production, protection, possession, use and disposal. In its form this right representsmeasure of abuse, way, shape of behavior, detection of liberty, interests, opportunities in educational and research activities. It is analyzed the structure definite law and its main elements, namely: freedom of teaching, freedom of research and freedom of teaching. Freedom of teaching represents the subjective opportunity to make teaching and learning in accordance with the views and concepts teacher free election last teaching methods. Freedom of scientific research stems from the freedom of scientific creativity. Freedom of creativity lies in the possibility to engage in any kind of creative activity, including research, and therefore the possibility of protecting their rights related to realization of their creative abilities. Freedom of teaching includes the right of student to acquire knowledge according to their abilities, preferences, certain circumstances. Attention is focused on positive changes national legislation in higher education, which providing real opportunities to enjoy freedom of student learning. The article focuses on the close connection of the right to academic freedom rights of autonomous universities that are institutional form of academic freedom. Attention is paid to regulatory and legal fixing of these rights in the constitutions of many countries and prospects and features such consolidation in Ukraine.