До питання про вплив системи мови на варіювання дифтонгів (на матеріалі лексикографічних джерел).

Abstract

(uk) У статті запропоновано основні результати дослідження особливостей системної вмотивованості вільного фонемного варіювання дифтонгів у фонемному складі власних назв в аспекті південноанглійської та загальноамериканської норм вимови на матеріалі лексикографічних джерел, яка полягає в існуванні тісного зв’язку між варіюванням дифтонгів і такими характеристиками слова як його складова, морфемна структур, акцентні характеристики, довжина слова в фонемах, етимологія. За результатами комплексного аналізу системотворчих факторів, які впливають на процес варіювання дифтонгів, автором узагальнено його основні кількісно-якісні особливості.

(en) The paper presents the results of the investigation of the problem of phonemic variation of diphthongs in the composition of proper names in Received Pronunciation and General American Pronunciation on the basis of its lexicographic sources. The connection of free phonemic variation of diphthongs with accentual characteristics of the word, its syllabic and morphemic structures, etymology of the word, as well as the phonemic length of the word is substantiated. The characteristic features of free phonemic variation of diphthongs are dependent on these particular factors that restrict or facilitate the process of variation in the structures of proper names. According to the results of this study free phonemic variation of diphthongs in proper names take place in two syllable words in both pronunciation standards. Polysyllabic words are less frequent in the experimental material. Another important finding was that free phonemic variation of diphthongs in proper names in RP and GA take place in the majority of cases in the roots of the borrowed proper names in stressed positions. The analysis of unstressed positions of polysyllabic words revealed General American diphthongs variation in these positions. From the outcome of our investigation, it is possible to conclude that from the point of view of phonemic length of proper names, variation take place in five phonemic words in RP and in sixphonemic words in GA. In both variants, second and third position in the word was marked as relevant for variation of diphthongs. It is consistent with other studies marking these positions as redundant for transmitting information because phonemes in the middle of the word have minimum information load. It has been estimated that the process of free phonemic variation of diphthongs is domineering in the structures of native proper names; borrowed proper names have the minimal number of free phonemic variants. Frenchborrowings prevail in the experimental material, but Latin and Greek loan proper names are very numerous. The diversity of the inventory of free phonemic variation of diphthongs proves that phonemic variants in the structures of native and borrowed vocabulary have their specific characteristics: in the phonemic structures of common names diphthongs vary in borrowed vocabulary and in the phonemic structures of proper names – in native vocabulary. In conclusion, the characteristic features of free phonemic variation of diphthongs are dependent on the etymology of the word, on the accentual characteristics of the word, its syllabic and morphemic structures, phonemic length which facilitate the process of variation in the structures of proper names. Above-mentioned research findings are relevant for establishing a systematic comparative study of diphthong variation in other national variants of theEnglish language.